Articles
Articles and legal analysis
Articles on the legal questions that arise most often in practice: cyber fraud and account freezes, data protection, business and banking disputes, bail and writs. Each sets out the governing statute and the sections that apply, and they are arranged below by practice area.
Cyber crime & IT Act matters
Practice area →Cyber Fraud Defence in Kerala: Freeze to Recovery Hub
Answer cyber fraud in Kerala step by step: freeze unfreezing, UPI and task-scam recovery, P2P taint, notices, escalation, evidence, ED and CIBIL sequels.
Telegram Task Scam and Online Job Fraud: How It Works and How to Recover Money in Kerala
Lost money to a Telegram task or job scam? Why Section 66D IT Act and Section 318(4) BNS apply, why chasing deeper levels hurts, and 1930 and bank steps.
Cyber Complaint Filed on 1930 or NCRP but No Action? How to Escalate in Kerala
1930 or cybercrime.gov.in complaint, no FIR or update? Escalate via SP/CP written complaint, CPGRAMS and Magistrate direction under Section 175(3) BNSS.
Instagram or Social Media Account Hacked in Kerala? How to Recover It Under the IT Rules
Instagram hacked? IT Rules 2021 route: 7-day grievance, 2-hour impersonation track, 3-hour government-notice takedown and the FIR sections that apply.
Crypto P2P and UPI Amount Frozen: Why Your Bank or Exchange Account Was Blocked and How to Respond
P2P USDT proceeds or crypto UPI flagged and account frozen? PMLA and FIU-IND reporting, Section 194S TDS, Section 106 BNSS lien and the Kerala writ route.
Loan App Harassment and Recovery Threats: RBI Digital Lending Rules and Your Legal Options
Loan app agents calling contacts, morphing photos or threatening you? RBI Digital Lending Directions 2025, IT Act and BNS sections, and the complaint route.
Got a Notice from Cyber Cell Under Section 35 or 94 BNSS? What It Means and How to Respond
Section 35(3) vs 94 BNSS cyber cell notice: appearance vs documents, 7-year rule, arrest risk and how to reply, as the Supreme Court clarified in July 2025.
Bank Froze Your Account Without Any Police Complaint: RBI Rules and the Kerala High Court SOP
Bank froze your account without police or court order? RBI Master Direction, the Kerala High Court 8-point SOP (revised 14 July 2026) and de-freeze steps.
Deepfakes and Synthetically Generated Information in India: The IT Amendment Rules, 2026 Labelling and 3-Hour Takedown
IT Amendment Rules, 2026 (in force 20 Feb 2026) on synthetically generated information: exclusions, labelling, user declaration, 3-hour or 2-hour takedown.
Digital Arrest Scam in India: What It Is, Why It Is Fake, and What to Do
Digital arrest is not a legal procedure in India but extortion by impersonation. IT Act 66C/66D, BNS 318/308/351, why BNSS notices cannot come on WhatsApp.
Electronic Evidence in Indian Courts After 1 July 2024: Section 63 BSA and the Certificate That Decides Cases
WhatsApp chats, screenshots, CDRs and CCTV in Indian courts now fall under Section 63 BSA (new 65B): the dual-certificate rule, hash and preservation.
Sextortion and Image-Based Blackmail in India: Laws, Evidence, and What to Do First
Sextortion in India falls under IT Act Sections 66E, 67, 67A and BNS Sections 308 and 351. Preserving evidence, reporting, takedown and bail provisions.
Bank Account Frozen by a Cyber Cell in Kerala: Remedies and Release
Bank account frozen by cyber cell in Kerala: Section 106 BNSS explained, lien limits, Magistrate release and the Article 226 High Court writ route.
IT Act offences, explained simply: Sections 65 to 67 and what they mean
Plain-language guide to IT Act offences in India: Sections 65 to 67B explained with punishments, bailability, compounding and how they pair with the BNS.
UPI Fraud: From Complaint to Recovery, Step by Step
A step-by-step guide to filing a UPI fraud complaint in India: the 1930 helpline, cybercrime.gov.in, RBI liability rules, FIR, ombudsman and court remedies.
Data protection & DPDP compliance
Practice area →DPDP Compliance Guide for Kerala Businesses to May 2027
DPDP readiness for Kerala SMEs: phased timeline to May 2027, notices, safeguards, breach response, rights, children, SDF, transfer, contracts, penalties.
Your Personal Data Was Leaked by a Company: What You Can Do Under the DPDP Act
Company leaked your Aadhaar, phone or health data? DPDP Sections 11-14 rights, Board complaint, IT Act 43A compensation, consumer and civil remedies.
CERT-In 6-Hour vs DPDP 72-Hour Breach Reporting: Which Clock Applies to Your Business?
India has two breach clocks that both apply: CERT-In's 6 hours and DPDP Rule 7's 72 hours. Who reports to whom, when each starts, and one playbook for both.
DPDP Act and Children's Data in India: Verifiable Parental Consent, Tracking Bans and What EdTech Must Change
DPDP Act Section 9 treats anyone under 18 as a child. Verifiable parental consent, the tracking and targeted-ad ban, Rule 10 verification and a checklist.
Cross-Border Data Transfers Under the DPDP Act: What Section 16 and Rule 15 Actually Allow
DPDP Act Section 16 allows data transfers abroad unless the Government restricts notified countries. Sectoral exceptions (RBI) and transfer clauses explained.
Significant Data Fiduciaries Under the DPDP Act: Who They Are and What Extra Duties They Carry
How Significant Data Fiduciaries are designated under DPDP Act Section 10 and their extra duties: DPO, auditor, DPIA, algorithmic due diligence, localisation.
The DPDP countdown: what Indian businesses must do before 14 May 2027
DPDP Act compliance explained: the DPDP Rules 2025 timeline, the 14 November 2026 Consent Manager date, and obligations and penalties from 14 May 2027.
Business, banking & IPR
Practice area →SARFAESI Notice Under Section 13(2) in Kerala: Can You Go to the High Court Under Article 226 or Must You Go to DRT?
SARFAESI Section 13(2) notice in Kerala? When an Article 226 writ may lie and when to go to DRT under Section 17: Satyawati Tondon, Phoenix ARC, PHR Invent.
Can You Patent Software and AI in India? Section 3(k) and the CRI Guidelines 2025 Explained
Section 3(k) Patents Act excludes computer programmes per se, not all software. The technical effect and contribution test under the CRI Guidelines 2025.
Software Copyright for Kerala Startups: How Your Code Is Protected and How Founders Lose It
Software is a literary work under Section 2(o) Copyright Act, 1957. What is protected, Section 48 registration, source code deposit and assignment mistakes.
Trade Secrets and NDAs for Indian Startups: Protecting What You Don't Publish
India has no Trade Secret Act. Startups protect know-how via contracts (Section 27 Contract Act), IT Act Sections 43A and 72, BNS breach of trust, NDAs.
Online Trademark Infringement in India: Fake Websites, Phishing Domains and How to Take Them Down
Online trademark infringement under Section 29 Trade Marks Act: phishing domains, marketplace clones, keyword misuse, and INDRP, UDRP, IT Rules takedowns.
Legal drafting & documents
Practice area →Criminal law: bail, quash & appeals
Practice area →Regular Bail in Kerala: Section 480 BNSS Process Explained
Regular bail under Sections 478 and 480 BNSS in Kerala: forums, paperbook, default-bail clocks, undertrial release, conditions and sureties explained.
Anticipatory Bail in Kerala High Court: Process, Fees and Time
Anticipatory bail under Sec 482 BNSS in Kerala: Sessions vs High Court route, paperbook, conditions, SC/ST bar, timelines and what follows rejection.
How to Quash FIR in Kerala High Court: Crl.MC Sec 528 Guide
Quash FIR or criminal case in Kerala High Court under Sec 528 BNSS: recognised grounds, paperbook, interim stay, settlement route, fees and timelines.
High Court writs & procedure
Practice area →Kerala High Court Litigation Guide: Writs, Bail, Quash, Appeals
Which Kerala High Court remedy fits your case — writ, bail, quash, appeal or revision — with sections, forums, and limitation periods explained.
Certiorari in the High Court of Kerala: How to Quash an Illegal Order of a Tribunal or Authority
Tribunal, DRT or tax order without jurisdiction or natural justice? When certiorari under Article 226 lies in Kerala: Hari Vishnu Kamath tests, 226 vs 227.
Habeas Corpus in the High Court of Kerala: When Illegal Detention Can Be Challenged Under Article 226
Illegal detention in Kerala by police, private persons or in child custody? When habeas corpus under Article 226 lies, who can file and what the court checks.
Mandamus in the High Court of Kerala: How to Compel a Public Authority to Act Under Article 226
Panchayat, Municipality, RTO or revenue authority not acting? When mandamus under Article 226 lies in Kerala: legal right, public duty, demand and refusal.
Prohibition in the High Court of Kerala: Stopping a Court or Tribunal from Exceeding Jurisdiction
Kerala tribunal or authority acting without jurisdiction? When prohibition under Articles 226 and 227 stops proceedings, and how it differs from certiorari.
Quo Warranto in the High Court of Kerala: Challenging an Illegal Appointment to Public Office
Someone holding public office in Kerala without eligibility? When quo warranto under Article 226 lies, what a public office is and who can file.
Writ petitions before the High Court of Kerala: when Article 226 is the right remedy
How a writ petition under Article 226 works before the High Court of Kerala: the five writs, when a writ is maintainable, filing at Kochi, and timelines.